Our Research

DDRF Fellows have produced > 40 full length manuscript publications in leading peer reviewed journals and award winning presentations at international gastroenterology conferences. 

Peer-Reviewed, Full Length Publications

Gaebler C, Wang Z, Lorenzi JCC, Muecksch F, Finkin S, Tokuyama M, Cho A, Jankovic M, Schaefer-Babajew D, Oliveira TY, Cipolla M, Viant C, Barnes CO, Bram Y, Breton G, Hägglöf T, Mendoza P, Hurley A, Turroja M, Gordon K, Millard KG, Ramos V, Schmidt F, Weisblum Y, Jha D, Tankelevich M, Martinez-Delgado G, Yee J, Patel R, Dizon J, Unson-O'Brien C, Shimeliovich I, Robbiani DF, Zhao Z, Gazumyan A, Schwartz RE, Hatziioannou T, Bjorkman PJ, Mehandru S, Bieniasz PD, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC. Evolution of antibody immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Nature. 2021 Mar;591(7851):639-644. doi: 10.1038/s41586-021-03207-w. Epub 2021 Jan 18. PMID: 33461210.

Suárez-Fariñas M, Tokuyama M, Wei G, Huang R, Livanos A, Jha D, Levescot A, Irizar H, Kosoy R, Cording S, Wang W, Losic B, Ungaro RC, Di'Narzo A, Martinez-Delgado G, Suprun M, Corley MJ, Stojmirovic A, Houten SM, Peters L, Curran M, Brodmerkel C, Perrigoue J, Friedman JR, Hao K, Schadt EE, Zhu J, Ko HM, Cho J, Dubinsky MC, Sands BE, Ndhlovu L, Cerf-Bensusan N, Kasarskis A, Colombel JF, Harpaz N, Argmann C, Mehandru S. Intestinal Inflammation Modulates the Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Potentially Overlaps With the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-related Disease. Gastroenterology. 2021 Jan;160(1):287-301.e20. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.029. Epub 2020 Sep 25. PMID: 32980345; PMCID: PMC7516468.

Uzzan M, Tokuyama M, Rosenstein AK, Tomescu C, SahBandar IN, Ko HM, Leyre L, Chokola A, Kaplan-Lewis E, Rodriguez G, Seki A, Corley MJ, Aberg J, La Porte A, Park EY, Ueno H, Oikonomou I, Doron I, Iliev ID, Chen BK, Lui J, Schacker TW, Furtado GC, Lira SA, Colombel JF, Horowitz A, Lim JK, Chomont N, Rahman AH, Montaner LJ, Ndhlovu LC, Mehandru S. Anti-α4β7 therapy targets lymphoid aggregates in the gastrointestinal tract of HIV-1-infected individuals. Sci Transl Med. 2018 Oct 3;10(461)

Kolb JM, Flack KF, Chatterjee-Murphy P, Desai J, Wallentin LC, Ezekowitz M, Connolly S, Reilly P, Brueckmann M, Ilgenfritz J, Aisenberg J. Locations and Mucosal Lesions Responsible for Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients on Warfarin or Dabigatran. Dig Dis Sci. 2018 Jul;63(7):1878-1889.

Paramsothy S, Rosenstein AK, Mehandru S, Colombel JF. The current state of the art for biological therapies and new small molecules in inflammatory bowel disease. Mucosal Immunol. 2018 Jun 15.

Kim NG, Nguyen PP, Dang H, Kumari R, Garcia G, Esquivel CO, Nguyen MH. Temporal trends in disease presentation and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a real-world experience from 1998 to 2015. Cancer, 2018 Jun;124(12):2588-2598.

Nghiem B. Ha, Sam Trinh, Richard H. Le, Joseph Hoang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Linda Henry, Lee Ann Yasukawa, Mindie H. Nguyen. Natural Disease Presentation and Progression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Among Different Gender. Gastroenterology. 2018;154(6):S1165-66. 

Aisenberg J, Chatterjee-Murphy P, Friedman Flack K, Weitz JI, Ruff CT, Nordio F, Mercuri MF, Choi Y, Antman EM, Braunwald E, Giugliano RP, Gastrointestinal Bleeding With Edoxaban Versus Warfarin: Results From the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48Trial (Effective Anticoagulation With Factor Xa Next Generation in Atrial Fibrillation-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction). Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2018 May;11(5).

Uzzan M, Ko HM, Rosenstein AK, Pourmand K, Colombel JF, Mehandru S. Efficient long-term depletion of CD20+ B cells by rituximab does not affect gut-resident plasma cells. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2018 Mar;1415(1):5-10

Chablani SV, Jandorf L, DuHamel K, Lee KK, Sriphanlop P, Villagra C, Itzkowitz SH. Adenoma Prevalence and Distribution among US Latino Subgroups Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2017;62(6):1637-1646.

Chablani SV, Cohen N, White D, Itzkowitz SH, DuHamel K, Jandorf L. Colorectal Cancer Screening Preferences among Black and Latino Primary Care Patients. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health. 2017;19(5):1100-1108. 

Kutsenko A, Ladenheim MR, Kim N, Nguyen P, Chen V, Jayasekera C, Yang JD, Kumari R, Roberts L, Nguyen MH. Increased prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Asian Americans with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol, 2017 Apr;51(4):384-390. 

Nghiem B. Ha, Sam H. Trinh, Richard H. Nguyen, Joseph Hoang, Mei-Hsuan Lee, Linda Henry, Lee Ann Yasukawa, Mindie H. Nguyen. Progression to Advanced Liver Disease in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Differs Among Asians Compared to Caucasians and Hispanics. Hepatology 2017; 66:1172-1173A.

Flack KF, Desai J, Kolb JM, Chatterjee P, Wallentin LC, Ezekowitz M, Yusuf S, Connolly S, Reilly P, Brueckmann M, Ilgenfritz J, Aisenberg J. Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding Often is Caused by Occult Malignancy in Patients Receiving Warfarin or Dabigatran to Prevent Stroke and Systemic Embolism From Atrial Fibrillation. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Oct 17. pii: S1542-3565(16)30928-4.

Rao AK, Soetikno R, Raju GS, Lum P, Rouse RV, Sato T, Titzer-Schwarzl D, Aisenberg J, Kaltenbach T. Large Sessile Serrated Polyps Can Be Safely and Effectively Removed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Apr;14(4):568-74.

Kolb JM, Morales SJ, Nicholas A Rouse NA, Desai J, Friedman K, Makris L, Bamji ND, Miller KM, Soetikno RM, Kaltenbach T, Rouse RV, Aisenberg J.   Does better specimen orientation and a simplified grading system promote more reliable histologic interpretation of serrated colon polyps in the community practice setting? Results of a nation-wide study.  J Clin Gastroenterol. 2016 Mar;50(3):233-8.

Nghiem B. Ha, Richard H. Le, Sam T. Trinh, Michael D. Nguyen, Benjamin Yip, Joseph Hoang, Mindie H. Nguyen. Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) or High Probability of Fibrosis Based on Noninvasive Marker Panels (APRI, FIB-4, NFS) at Disease Presentation is Associated with Increase All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). Hepatology. 2016;63(1 Supp):592A.

Nghiem B. Ha, Sam T. Trinh, Richard H. Le, Michael D. Nguyen, Joseph Hoang, Mindie H. Nguyen. Disease Presentation and Natural History of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) in an Ethnically Diverse U.S. Patient Population: a Long-Term Follow-up Study. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):S1055.

Friedman KB, Cohen B, DePalo LR, Aisenberg J. Stirring the embers: mesenteric panniculitis provoked by colonoscopy. Endoscopy. 2015;47 Suppl 1 UCTN:E470.

Kolb JM, Salky B, Aisenberg J.  Small-intestinal volvulus after subtotal colectomy visualized during colonscopy.  Gastrointest Endosc. 2014 Dec; 80(6):1175-6.  Epub 2014 May 13. 

Kolb JM, Kaltenbach T, Soetikno R.  Endoscopic removal of obstructing sutures using argon plasma coagulation.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.  2014 Mar; 79(3): 373.

Aisenberg, J.  Optical biopsy for colorectal polyps: moving along the S-shaped curve.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.  2014 Mar; 79(3): 399-401.

Kolb JM, Kaltenbach T, Soetikno R.  Implementation of new knowledge, technique, and technology to survey Barrett’s is urgently needed.  Gastroenterology.  2014 Feb; 146(2): 587.

Morales SJ, Bodian CA, Kornacki S, Rouse RV, Petras R, Rouse NA, Cohen LB, Bamji ND, Miller KM, Soetikno RM, Kaltenbach T, Aisenberg J.   A simple tissue-handling technique performed in the endoscopy suite improves histologic section quality and diagnostic accuracy for serrated polyps.  Endoscopy, 2013 Nov; 45 (11): 897-905.

Desai J, Granger CB, Weitz JI, Aisenberg J.  Novel oral anticoagulants in gastroenterology practice.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2013 Aug; 78(2):227-39.

Desai J, Kolb JM, Weitz JI, Aisenberg J.  Gastrointestinal bleeding with the new oral anticoagulants - defining the issues and the management strategies.  Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 2013 Jul 29; 110(2):205-12.

Nguyen LH, Nguyen MH. Systematic Review: Asian Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C.  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.   2013 May;37(10):921-36.

Chun CL, Joye J, Triadafilopoulos G.  Holiday pains: a case of radiation-induced mesenteric ischemia. Digestive Diseases and Sciences.  2013 Feb; 58(2):349-53. 

Kommareddy S, Chun CL, Rogers W, Triadafilopoulos G.  Always a Suspect: CMV in Ulcerative Colitis.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2013 Jan; 10.

Chun C, Aulakh S, Komlos F, Triadafilopoulos G.  Tube to freedom: use of a venting jejunostomy in a patient with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences.  2012 Dec; 57(12):3076-9.

Kwong AJ, Eaton EE, Cohen LB, Miller KM, Aisenberg JA.  Does it matter what day of the week you have your colonoscopy?  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.  2012 Sep; 76(3):700-2.

Whitson MJ, Bodian CA, Aisenberg J, Cohen LB.   Is production pressure jeopardizing the quality of colonoscopy? A survey of U.S. endoscopists' practices and perceptions.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. 2012 Mar; 75(3):641-8.

Nguyen LH, Tran PS, Chaung K, Nguyen VG, Kim LH, Trinh HN, Li J, Zhang JQ, Nguyen HA, Ayoub W, Ahmed A, Nguyen MH.  Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance rate in a multicenter U.S. cohort study.  Gastroenterology.  2012; 142(5): S-994. 

Nguyen LH, Sonu IS, Kin K, Trinh HN, Li J, Zhang JQ, Ahmed A, Nguyen MH.  Higher rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroclearance in males and hepatitis B e-antigen negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) among treatment naïve patients in a large multicenter U.S. cohort study.  Hepatology.  2012; 56:352A.

Sonu IS, Nguyen LH, Kin K, Trinh HN, Li J, Zhang JQ, Ahmed A, Nguyen MH.  Incidence and Risk Factors in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) in Non-Cirrhotic and Cirrhotic Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB): Results of a Multicenter U.S. Cohort Study.  Hepatology.  2012; 56:478A.

Chun CL, Conti CA, Triadafilopoulos G.  Cameron ulcers: you will find only what you seek.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2011 Dec; 56(12):3450-2.  Epub 2011 Jun 25.

Tadepalli US, Feihel D, Miller KM, Itzkowitz SH, Freedman JS, Kornacki S, Cohen LB, Bamji ND, Bodian CA, Aisenberg J.   A morphologic analysis of sessile serrated polyps observed during routine colonoscopy (with video).  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.  2011 Dec; 74(6):1360-8. Epub 2011 Oct 21.

Chun CL, Eisenstat S, Dormady S, Lombard C, Triadafilopoulos G.  Esophageal adenocarcinoma presenting as pseudo-achalasia in a patient with juvenile polyposis syndrome: an enemy out of the blue.  Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2011 Jul; 56(7):1944-8. Erratum in: Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2011 Aug; 56(8):2508.

Freedman JS, Harari DY, Bamji ND, Bodian CA, Kornacki S, Cohen LB, Miller KM, Aisenberg J.  The Detection of Pre-Malignant Colon Polyps during Colonscopy is Stable throughout the Workday.  Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.  2011 Jun; 73(6):1197-206. Epub 2011, March 11.

Whitson MJ, Dikman AE, von Althann C, Sanyal S, Desai JC, Bamji ND, Kornacki S, Harpaz N, Bodian CA, Cohen LB, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Is Gastroduodenal Biopsy Safe in Patients Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrei?: A Prospective, Randomized Study Involving 630 Biopsies.  Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology.  2011 Mar; 45(3):228-33.

Ash S, Vaccaro BJ, Dabney MK, Chung WK, Lightdale CJ, Abrams JA. Comparison of endoscopic and clinical characteristics of patients with familial and sporadic Barrett's esophagus. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 2011 Jun; 56 (6): 1702-6. 

Vaccaro BJ, Gonzalez S, Poneros JM, Stevens PD, Capiak KM, Lightdale CJ, Abrams JA. Detection of Intestinal Metaplasia After Successful Eradication of Barrett's Esophagus with Radiofrequency Ablation. Dig Dis Sci 2011 Jun; 56(6): 1996-2000. 

Green DA, Mlynarczyk CM, Vaccaro BJ, Capiak KC, Quante M, Lightdale CJ, Abrams JA. Correlation between serum gastrin and cellular proliferation in Barrett's esophagus. Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology. 2011 Mar; 4(2): 89-94. 

Wang JS, Varro A, Lightdale CJ, Letkorwit N, Slack KN, Fingerhood ML, Tsai WY, Wang TC, Abrams JA. Elevated serum gastrin is associated with a history of advanced neoplasia in patients with Barrett's esophagus. American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2010 May; 105(5): 1039-45.

Cohen LB, Sanyal SM, Von Althann C, Bodian C, Whitson M, Bamji N, Miller KM, Mavronicolas W, Burd S, Freedman J, Aisenberg, J.  Clinical trial:  2-L Polyethylene glycol-based Lavage Solutions for Colonoscopy Preparation – a Randomized, Singel-blind Study of Two Formulations.  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.  2010 Sep; 32(5):637-44.

Dikman A, Sanyal S, Von Althann C, Whitson M, Desai J, Bodian C, Brooks A, Bamji N, Cohen L, Miller K, Aisenberg J.  A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study of the Effects of Naproxen, Aspirin, Celecoxib, or Clopidogrel on Gastroduodenal Mucosal Healing.  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2009 April 1; 29(7):781-91.

Cohen LB, von Althann C, Sanyal S, Whitson M, Bodian C, Miller KM, Bamji N, Aisenberg J.  Is a “Good” Colonoscopy Bowel Prep Good Enough? Adenoma Detection Rates from a Randomized Study of Two Cleansing Formulations.  American Journal of Gastroenterology 2009;

Desai J, Goo T, Fukata M, Sanyal S, Dikman A, Miller K, Cohen L, Brooks A, Wang Q, Abreu M, Aisenberg J.  NSAID-induced Antral Ulcers are Associated with Distinct Changes in Mucosal Gene Expression.  Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics.  2009 Jul; 30(1):71-81.

Benson AA, Cohen LB, Waye JD, Akhavan A, Aisenberg, J.  Endoscopic Sedation in Developing and Developed Countries.  Gut Liver.  2008 Sep; 2(2):105-12.

Desai JC, Sanyal SM, Goo T, Benson AA, Bodian CA, Miller KM, Cohen LB, Aisenberg J.  Primary Prevention of Adverse Gastroduodenal Effects from Short-term Use of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs by Omeprazole 20 mg in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.Digestive Diseases and Sciences.  2008 Aug; 53(8):2059-65.

Cohen LB, Wecsler JS, Gaentano JN, Benson AA, Miller KM, Durkalski V, Aisenberg, J.  Endoscopic Sedation in the United States: Results from a Nationwide Survey.  American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2006 May; 101(5):967-74

Presentations

Chatterjee P, Friedman KB, Kolb JM, Desai J, Wallentin LC, Ezekowtiz MD, Yusuf S, Connolly S, Reilly P, Brueckmann M, Pogue J, Ilgenfritz J, Aisenberg J. What is the Clinical Profile of “Life-Threatening” Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Anticoagulated Patients? A Sub-Analysis of the RE-LY Trial. Oral presentation at Digestive Disease Week, San Diego, CA – May 23, 2016

 Aisenberg J, Chatterjee P, Friedman KB, Desai J, Weitz JI, Giugliano RP, Ruff CT, Nordio F, Mercuri M, Choi Y, Antman E, Braunwald E. Do Gastroprotective and Antiplatelet Agents Impact Gastrointestinal Bleeding Rates in Edoxaban Users? Results from the ENGAGE AF-TIMI 48 Trial. Oral presentation at Digestive Disease Week 2016, San Diego, CA – May 23, 2016

Aisenberg J, Chatterjee P, Reilly P, Gruenenfelder F, Kleine E, Glund S, Pollack CV. Idarucizumab for Emergent Reversal of Dabigatran-Related Anticoagulation during Severe Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: Interim Results (N=123) from the REVERSE-AD Study. Poster presentation at Digestive Disease Week 2016, San Diego, CA – May 24, 2016

Friedman KB, Kolb, JM, Desai Jay, Wallentin LC, Ezekowitz M, Yusuf S, Connolly S, Reilly P, Brueckmann M, Pogue J, Ilgenfritz J, Kleine E, Aisenberg, James. How often does major gastrointestinal bleeding in patients receiving warfarin or dabigatran uncover cancer? The worldwide experience from the RE-LY trial. Digestive Disease Week, Washington D.C. 2015.

Kolb JM, Morales SJ, Rouse NA, Desai J, Cohen L, Bamji N, Miller K, Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Rouse R, Aisenberg J.  Classifying serrated colon polyps by histology: do the new 2012 Consensus Modified Criteria matter? Digestive Disease Week, Chicago, Il. 2015.

Kolb JM, Morales SJ, Rouse NA, Desai J, Kornacki S, Cohen L, Bamji N, Miller K, Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Rouse R, Aisenberg J. Improving inter-pathologist agreement for serrated polyps: do two new tactics work? Digestive Disease Week, Orlando, Fl. 2013.

Digestive Disease Week, Orlando, Fl. 2013.Morales S, Kolb J, Bodian C, Kornacki S, Rouse R, Petras R, Rouse N,  Cohen L, Bamji N, Miller K, Soetikno R, Kaltenbach T, Aisenberg J.  Modifications to serrated polyp handling after polypectomy improve histopathologic section quality and raise the diagnostic rate for advanced lesions.   Digestive Disease Week, 2013.

Nguyen LH, Chao DT, Lim J, Nguyen MH. Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Minimally Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT): Nearly Half of All Patients with ALT 1-2x Upper Limit of Normal Have Significant Fibrosis.  Digestive Disease Week 2013. 

Sonu IS, Nguyen LH, Kin K, Trinh HN, Li J, Zhang JQ, Ahmed A, Nguyen MH.  Differences Between a Community and an Academic Cohort of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB) in the Development of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).   Digestive Disease Week 2013.  

Brooks A, Freedman J, Cohen L, Miller K, Wang Q, Van Hummelen P, Dikman A, Tadepalli U, Aisenberg James. An Analysis of Whole Transcriptome Gene Expression in the Gastric Mucosa of Healthy Adults Following 7 Days of Dosing with Placebo, Aspirin or Naproxen. Digestive Disease Week, 2011.

Whitson MJ, Dikman AE, von Althann C, Sanyal S, Desai JC, Bamji ND, Kornacki S, Harpaz N, Bodian CA, Cohen LB, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Is Gastroduodenal Biopsy Safe in Patients Receiving Aspirin and Clopidogrel? A Prospective, Randomized Study Involving 630 Biopsies. Digestive Disease Week, 2010.

Whitson MJ, Bodian C, Cohen LB.  Does Production Pressure Jeopardize the Quality of Endoscopy?  Attitudes and Observations of U.S.; Gastroenterologists.  Digestive Disease Week 2010.

Freedman J, Harari, DY, Bamji, ND, Bodian CA, Kornacki, S, Cohen, L, Miller, KM, Aisenberg J. The Detection of Pre-Malignant Colon Polyps during Colonoscopy is Stable throughout the Workday. American College of Gastroenterology 2010 (Presidential Poster Award).

Vaccaro B, Gonzalez S, Abrams J, Stevens P, Poneros J, Capiak K, Bukowski K, Lightdale, C.   Detection of Barrett’s Esophagus After Initial Complete Response with Radiofrequency Ablation.  Digestive Disease Week 2010.

Dikman A, Sanyal S, von Althann C, Whitson M,. Desai J, Bamji N, Cohen L, Miller K, Aisenberg J. Is Endoscopic Biopsy Safe in Patients Receiving Anti-Platelet Agents? Digestive Disease Week, 2009 (plenary presentation).

Desai JC, Sanyal SM, Goo T, Benson AA, Bodian CA, Miller KM, Cohen LB, Aisenberg J. Primary prevention of adverse gastroduodenal effects from short-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs by omeprazole 20 mg in healthy subjects: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Presidential Poster Award. American College of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia, 2007.

Cohen LB, Akhavan A, Benson A, Bodian C, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Propofol versus Propofol-Meperidine-Midazolam for Upper Endoscopy: A Cross-over Study Comparing Parameters of Sedation and Recovery. Digestive Disease Week, 2006.

Cohen LB, Waye JD, Benson A, Akhavan A, Bodian C, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Sedation Practices Worldwide: Results from an International Survey of Expert Endoscopists. Digestive Disease Week, 2006.

Cohen LB, Akhavan A, Benson A, Bodian C, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Propofol versus Propofol-Meperidine-Midazolam for Upper Endoscopy: A Cross-over Study Comparing Parameters of Sedation and Recovery. Digestive Disease Week, 2006.

Cohen LB, Wecsler JS, Gaetano JN, Durkalski V, Miller KM, Aisenberg J. Endoscopic Sedation in the United States in 2004: Results from a Postal Survey of 5000 Gastroenterologists. Digestive Disease Week, 2005.